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Directions: Read each passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow. For each question, use the information provided in the passage to select the best possible answer.
Example:
Although it has become a common belief in the twenty-first century that science and religion are two separate fields of inquiry, the nineteenth century was full of examples of scientists who were explicitly religious in their scientific claims. In fact, many nineteenth century scientists were open about their religious beliefs and they hunted for the proof of God’s existence in their theories. Things changed in dramatic ways in 1859, however, when the British explorer and scientist, Charles Darwin, published his book, The Origin of Species. Following the publication of that book, many scientists began to identify with secularism—i.e. the belief that religion should play no role in scientific investigations. The effects of Darwinism and the theory of evolution were widespread. Even today, many scientists identify with the secularism that Darwin’s theories were seen to encourage because they believe religion should play no role in their scientific experiments. Science, they argue, should be neutral and unbiased.
18. The author of the passage adopts a tone that is (A) Historical (B) Political (C) Ideological (D) Skewed (E) Biased
19. The author’s claim that “Things changed in dramatic ways in 1859...” implies that (A) Charles Darwin was a religious believer (B) the British government banned The Origin of Species (C) scientists today call themselves Darwinists (D) the link between religion and science in the nineteenth-century remained untouched (E) The Origin of Species fundamentally changed the way scientists viewed themselves
20. “Secularism” is best defined as (A) The belief that God exists (B) The belief that God does not exist (C) The view that science should not be influenced by religious beliefs (D) The view that science should be influenced by religious beliefs (E) The claim that nature is in a state of constant evolution
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